Traveling responsibly when trekking gorillas is paramount to the conservation of these critically endangered primates and to ensuring that tourism truly benefits the local communities and the environment. Given that you’re in Uganda (or planning to be), these guidelines are especially pertinent for Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park.
Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to travel responsibly when trekking gorillas:
1. Prioritize Gorilla Health and Safety (Minimizing Disease Transmission)
This is the most critical aspect, as gorillas are highly susceptible to human diseases.
- Be Healthy: Do not go trekking if you are feeling unwell with any contagious illness (cold, flu, cough, diarrhea, fever). Inform your guide immediately if you develop symptoms. Your permit fee may be refunded or deferred.
- Maintain Distance: Strictly adhere to the 7-meter (21-foot) minimum distance from the gorillas at all times. This rule is non-negotiable. If a gorilla approaches you, slowly back away under your guide’s instruction.
- Wear a Mask: It is often mandatory (and always highly recommended) to wear a surgical or N95 mask while in the presence of gorillas. This acts as a barrier against airborne pathogens.
- Avoid Sneezing/Coughing Towards Them: If you must sneeze or cough, turn your head away from the gorillas and cover your mouth and nose. Use a tissue and dispose of it properly.
- No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking: Do not eat, drink, or smoke when near the gorillas. Food particles or saliva can transfer diseases.
- No Touching: Never attempt to touch a gorilla, even if it comes close. This is for both your safety and their health.
- Limit Your Time: Adhere to the strict one-hour (or four-hour for habituation) viewing limit. This minimizes stress and disruption to their natural behavior.
2. Support Local Communities Directly
Gorilla tourism is designed to benefit the communities living around the parks, creating an incentive for conservation.
- Hire a Porter: Even if you feel fit enough to carry your own bag, hiring a local porter is one of the most impactful ways to directly support a local family. Porters often come from communities that traditionally relied on forest resources, and this income provides a sustainable alternative livelihood. They also offer valuable assistance on challenging terrain.
- Buy Local Crafts and Souvenirs: Purchase handicrafts from community initiatives or local markets rather than generic souvenir shops. This directly supports local artisans.
- Stay in Community-Owned/Partnered Lodges: Choose accommodation that visibly demonstrates its commitment to hiring locally and contributing to community projects. Ask your tour operator about their community engagement.
- Participate in Cultural Experiences: Engage in community-based tourism activities, such as the Batwa Cultural Experience in Uganda or village walks. The fees for these activities go directly to the communities, helping them preserve their culture and improve their livelihoods.
- Tip Fairly: Tip your guides, porters, and lodge staff appropriately. This forms a significant part of their income.
3. Minimize Your Environmental Footprint (Leave No Trace Principles)
Protecting the gorillas’ habitat is crucial for their survival.
- Stay on Designated Trails: Do not stray from the marked paths. This prevents erosion, minimizes disturbance to vegetation, and reduces the risk of encountering other dangerous wildlife.
- Pack It In, Pack It Out: Carry all your trash (including tissues, fruit peels, and water bottles) out of the park. Do not leave any litter behind.
- No Open Fires: Park regulations prohibit open fires in the trekking areas.
- Do Not Disturb Wildlife: Do not make loud noises, attempt to feed any animals, or disturb any other wildlife encountered during the trek.
- Sustainable Accommodation: Choose eco-friendly lodges that prioritize responsible waste management, water conservation, and renewable energy sources.
4. Respect Local Culture and Customs
Show respect for the people and traditions of the region.
- Dress Modestly: Especially when visiting local communities or outside your lodge, dress respectfully.
- Ask Before Photographing People: Always ask for permission before taking photos of local people, particularly children. Respect their decision if they decline.
- Learn Basic Phrases: A few words in the local language (e.g., Kirundi or Rukiga/Runyankole in Uganda) can go a long way in building rapport.
- Be Patient and Flexible: Things may operate at a different pace than you are used to. Embrace the local rhythm and be patient with any delays.
5. Choose a Responsible Tour Operator
Your choice of operator can make a huge difference in the overall impact of your trip.
- Licensed and Reputable: Ensure your operator is licensed by the relevant tourism authorities (e.g., AUTO in Uganda, RTTA in Rwanda) and has a good track record and positive reviews.
- Ethical Practices: Inquire about their commitment to responsible tourism, including their hiring policies, community engagement projects, and environmental practices.
- Experienced Guides: A good operator will provide experienced, knowledgeable guides who prioritize both client safety and gorilla well-being.
By adhering to these responsible travel guidelines, you not only ensure an incredible and ethical gorilla trekking experience for yourself but also contribute directly to the long-term survival of these magnificent creatures and the well-being of the communities who share their forest home.