Rwanda’s Cultural Etiquette: Dos and Don’ts

Rwanda’s Cultural Etiquette: Dos and Don’ts

Rwanda is a welcoming and polite nation with a strong sense of community and respect. Understanding and observing local cultural etiquette will significantly enhance your travel experience and foster positive interactions with Rwandans.

General Principles:

  • Respect: This is paramount in Rwandan culture. Show respect to elders, officials, and everyone you meet.
  • Politeness: Politeness and good manners are highly valued.
  • Cleanliness: Rwanda takes cleanliness very seriously. Kigali is renowned as one of Africa’s cleanest cities.

The DOS:

  1. Do Greet People Respectfully:
    • Always initiate a greeting when you meet someone.
    • Say “Muraho” (Hello) or “Amakuru?” (How are you?).
    • A handshake is common, often gentle, accompanied by a smile.
    • For elders or those in positions of authority, a slight bow of the head with the handshake shows extra respect.
    • Learn a few basic Kinyarwanda phrases (like “Murakoze” – Thank you, “Ndaho” – I’m fine, “Yego” – Yes, “Oya” – No). It goes a long way.
  2. Do Dress Modestly:
    • Rwandans generally dress conservatively.
    • For women: It’s best to wear dresses or skirts that cover the knees, and avoid overly revealing tops (e.g., bare shoulders, deep necklines), especially in rural areas, religious sites, and formal settings.
    • For men: Long pants are generally preferred over shorts, particularly in cities and formal contexts. Shorts are acceptable for hiking or at tourist lodges.
    • This shows respect for local customs.
  3. Do Ask for Permission Before Photographing:
    • Always ask people for permission before taking their photograph. A simple gesture or “Mbwese nshobora gufotora?” (May I take a photo?) goes a long way.
    • Respect their decision if they decline.
    • Be particularly cautious about photographing government buildings, military installations, or police, as this is often prohibited.
  4. Do Be Mindful of Your Voice and Body Language:
    • Rwandans tend to speak softly and calmly. Loud voices or exaggerated gestures can be perceived as aggressive or disrespectful.
    • Maintain a calm demeanor, even in disagreements. Confrontation is generally avoided.
  5. Do Respect the Memory of the Genocide:
    • When visiting genocide memorials or sites, dress respectfully, maintain quiet, and show reverence.
    • Avoid taking selfies, joking, or engaging in loud conversations.
    • Learning a bit about Rwanda’s history beforehand will help you understand the profound significance of these sites.
  6. Do Support Local Communities Mindfully:
    • Buy souvenirs directly from artisans or cooperatives.
    • Eat at locally owned restaurants.
    • Avoid giving handouts (sweets, money, pens) directly to children. This can foster a begging culture and discourage school attendance. Instead, if you wish to help, donate to reputable local charities or support community-based projects.
  7. Do Be Punctual (or Patient):
    • While Rwandans appreciate punctuality for appointments, be prepared for “African time” where things might run a bit slower than expected, especially in rural areas. Maintain patience and a relaxed attitude.
  8. Do Accept Invitations Gracefully:
    • If invited to a Rwandan home for a meal or activity, accept with appreciation. It’s a sign of hospitality.
    • A small gift (e.g., fruit, snacks) is a thoughtful gesture when visiting a home.

The DON’TS:

  1. Don’t Litter:
    • Rwanda is incredibly clean. Littering is highly frowned upon and can result in fines. Always dispose of your trash properly.
    • Plastic bags are banned in Rwanda, so do not bring them into the country.
  2. Don’t Engage in Public Displays of Affection:
    • Kissing or excessive hugging in public is considered inappropriate in Rwandan society, especially in rural or more conservative areas. Hand-holding between friends is common, but anything more intimate should be reserved for private spaces.1
  3. Don’t Disrespect Elders or Authority Figures:
    • Always show deference to elders and those in positions of authority (e.g., police, park rangers, government officials).
    • Avoid arguing or raising your voice.
  4. Don’t Be Overly Flamboyant or Boastful:
    • Humility and modesty are appreciated. Avoid excessive displays of wealth or boisterous behavior.
  5. Don’t Assume:
    • What might be normal in your culture might not be in Rwanda. If in doubt about a situation or appropriate behavior, observe what locals are doing or politely ask your guide or host.
  6. Don’t Discuss the Genocide Carelessly:
    • While it’s an important part of Rwanda’s history, approach discussions about the 1994 Genocide with immense sensitivity and respect. Let Rwandans guide the conversation if they choose to share their experiences. Avoid generalizations or insensitive comments.

By keeping these simple etiquette guidelines in mind, you’ll be well-prepared to engage respectfully with the friendly people of Rwanda and have a truly enriching cultural experience.